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Bus Error vs Segmentation Fault: An In-Depth Analysis of Memory Access Exceptions

Bus Error Segmentation Fault Memory Alignment Pointer Manipulation SIGBUS SIGSEGV

This article provides a comprehensive comparison between Bus Error (SIGBUS) and Segmentation Fault (SIGSEGV) in Unix-like systems. It explores core concepts such as memory alignment, pointer manipulation, and process memory management, detailing the triggering mechanisms, typical scenarios, and debugging techniques for both errors. With C code examples, it illustrates common error patterns like unaligned memory access and null pointer dereferencing, offering practical prevention strategies for software development.