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This comprehensive technical paper explores the methodology for analyzing Java heap dump (.hprof) files generated during OutOfMemoryError scenarios. Focusing on the powerful Eclipse Memory Analyzer Tool (MAT), we detail systematic approaches to identify memory leaks, examine object retention patterns, and utilize Object Query Language (OQL) for sophisticated memory investigations. The paper provides step-by-step guidance on tool configuration, leak detection workflows, and practical techniques for resolving memory-related issues in production environments.

This paper systematically elaborates the core methodology for Java memory leak detection, focusing on the standardized process based on heap dump analysis. Through four key steps—establishing stable state, executing operations, triggering garbage collection, and comparing snapshots—combined with practical applications of tools like JHAT and MAT, it deeply analyzes how to locate common leak sources such as HashMap$Entry. The article also discusses special considerations in multi-threaded environments and provides a complete technical path from object type differential analysis to root reference tracing, offering actionable professional guidance for developers.